How many paintings did Rubens make?
Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by Michael Jaffé lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop. His commissioned works were mostly " history paintings ", which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes.
What did Marie de Medici commission Rubens to paint?
In 1621, Marie de' Medici commissioned Rubens to paint two large series depicting the lives of herself and her late husband, Henry IV, to adorn both wings of the first floor of the Luxembourg Palace.
Was an alleged Rubens painting lost in a fire?
An alleged Rubens painting Portrait of a Girl reported to have been in the collection of Alexander Dumas was reported lost in a fire.
What are some of Rubens’ most important works?
We explore some of Rubens’ most important works, from The Horrors of War to The Judgment of Paris.
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What is the significance of the series of portraits of Marie de Medici by Rubens?
By mixing allegory and history, Rubens—with the assistance of Marie herself—crafted a magnificent collection of heroic images marking the significant moments in the queen mother's life. The Marie de' Medici Cycle was based on similar series dedicated to the classical ideals of kingship and good government.
How many paintings did Rubens make?
Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by Michael Jaffé lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop. His commissioned works were mostly history paintings, which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes.
Who painted the arrival and reception of Marie de Medici at Marseilles?
Peter Paul RubensRubens, Arrival (or Disembarkation) of Marie de Medici at Marseilles, Medici Cycle. Peter Paul Rubens, Arrival (or Disembarkation) of Marie de Medici at Marseilles, 1621-25, oil on canvas, 394 x 295 cm (Musée du Louvre, Paris) Speakers: Drs.
What are the popular artworks done by Peter Paul Rubens?
Important Art by Peter Paul Rubens1603. Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma. ... 1609. Self-Portrait with Isabella Brandt, his first wife, in the Honeysuckle Bower. ... 1611. The Elevation of the Cross. ... 1612. Massacre of the Innocents. ... 1618. Prometheus Bound. ... 1624. The Adoration of the Magi. ... 1625. The Disembarkation at Marseilles. ... 1635.More items...•
Who is the artist that produced over 600 paintings nearly 400 etchings and 2000 drawings?
Earlier-20th-century connoisseurs claimed Rembrandt had produced well over 600 paintings, nearly 400 etchings and 2,000 drawings.
How much is a Rubens painting worth?
Peter Paul Rubens's work has been offered at auction multiple times, with realized prices ranging from 15 USD to 76,654,553 USD, depending on the size and medium of the artwork.
Who are the main figures in Rubens consequences of war?
Rubens, explaining his painting, The Consequences of War: The principal figure is Mars, who has left open the temple of Janus (which in time of peace, according to Roman custom, remained closed) and rushes forth with shield and blood-stained sword, threatening the people with great disaster.
Was the most renowned female painter of the 17th century?
Artemisia GentileschiArtemisia is the most celebrated female painter of the 17th century. She worked in Rome, Florence, Venice, Naples and London, for the highest echelons of European society, including the Grand Duke of Tuscany and Philip IV of Spain.
Where was the presentation of the portrait of Marie de Medici installed originally?
the Luxembourg PalaceThe pictorial cycle was installed in the Luxembourg Palace by 1625, in time for the Henrietta's wedding festivities, thus enabling Marie to showcase her accomplishments to her many guests.
What is a painting that is drawn really fast?
Speed painting is an artistic technique where the artist has a limited time to finish the work. The time can vary, usually a duration is set from several minutes to a few hours. Unlike sketches, speed paintings may be considered "finished" after the time limit is up.
Who is the first major artist to paint outdoor?
The first documented outdoor painters are Italian artist Agostino Tassi (1578-1644), who taught artist Claude Lorrain (1600-1682), who is known to many as the father of outdoor painting. His paintings are directly from nature's survival.
How does Rubens assert Marie's successful role as wife and mother?
Rubens asserts Marie’s successful role as wife and mother by establishing a dominant vertical axis through the center of the composition from Juno, with her exposed, full breasts, through Marie’s portrait to the chubby cherub directly below.
How long did Marie reign in France?
After Henry was assassinated in 1610, Marie—acting as regent for their young son, Louis XIII—ruled the kingdom of France for seven years. The position suited her; but many French nobles begrudged her power. Divisions in the court, including tensions with her own son, led to Marie’s exile from the Paris in 1617.
What is the cycle of Marie?
The cycle idealizes and allegorizes Marie’s life in light of the peace and prosperity she brought to the kingdom, not through military victories but through wisdom, devotion to her husband and her adopted country, and strategic marriage alliances—her own as well as the ones she brokered for her children.
Where is Marie de Medici's canvas?
This canvas is the sixth in a series of twenty-four paintings on the life of Marie de' Medici commissioned by the queen herself from Peter Paul Rubens in 1622 to adorn one of the two galleries in the Luxembourg Palace, her newly-built home in Paris. In both scale and subject matter, this cycle is unprecedented.
What does France urge Henry to do?
France urges Henry to turn away from the field of battle, the aftermath of which is visible in the burning town in the background, and attend to hearth and home, for domestic matters are no less important to the survival of the monarchy than military exploits.
Who is Marie de Medici?
Her name is Marie de' Medici, daughter of the Grandduke of Tuscany.
Who was the mother of the three sovereigns?
Despite the challenges of her life as she struggled to regain the power and influence she once had, Marie de’ Medici lived to hear herself proclaimed mother of three sovereigns, certainly an impressive legacy for the orphaned daughter of the Grandduke of Tuscany. Essay by Dr. Esperança Camara.
How does Rubens assert Marie's role as wife and mother?
Rubens asserts Marie’s successful role as wife and mother by establishing a dominant vertical axis through the center of the composition from Juno, with her exposed, full breasts, through Marie’s portrait to the chubby cherub directly below. Of all of the figures in the painting, Marie and the cherub are the only ones who look out at the viewer, ...
How long did Marie reign in France?
After Henry was assassinated in 1610, Marie—acting as regent for their young son, Louis XIII—ruled the kingdom of France for seven years. The position suited her; but many French nobles begrudged her power. Divisions in the court, including tensions with her own son, led to Marie’s exile from the Paris in 1617.
What led to Marie de Medici's exile?
Divisions in the court, including tensions with her own son, led to Marie’s exile from the Paris in 1617. The commission of the biographical cycle marked her reconciliation with Louis and her return to the capital city in 1620. It vindicated her reign as the queen of France. Presentation of the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici (at left), ...
What is the cycle of Marie?
The cycle idealizes and allegorizes Marie’s life in light of the peace and prosperity she brought to the kingdom, not through military victories but through wisdom, devotion to her husband and her adopted country, and strategic marriage alliances—her own as well as the ones she brokered for her children.
Where is Marie de Medici's canvas?
This canvas is the sixth in a series of twenty-four paintings on the life of Marie de’ Medici commissioned by the queen herself from Peter Paul Rubens in 1622 to adorn one of the two galleries in the Luxembourg Palace, her newly-built home in Paris. In both scale and subject matter, this cycle is unprecedented.
What does France urge Henry to do?
France urges Henry to turn away from the field of battle, the aftermath of which is visible in the burning town in the background, and attend to hearth and home, for domestic matters are no less important to the survival of the monarchy than military exploits.
Who is Marie de Medici?
Her name is Marie de’ Medici, daughter of the Grandduke of Tuscany.
How many paintings did Rubens complete?
Rubens went on to complete just twenty-one of the paintings as his work was constantly being disrupted by arguments between Marie and her son who eventually banned his mother from France in 1631. The cycle of paintings paying tribute to the life of Henry IV were never completed but some preliminary sketches survive.
What did Rubens look for in writing?
He looked to genera of writing called the Panegyric which were usually written during important political events and helped to applaud the qualities and heritage of a ruler. It's thought that Rubens followed this structure when carrying out this commissioned work for Marie de Medici.
What was Rubens's purpose in creating the paintings?
In 1621, Rubens was commissioned to create a series of works commemorating the life of Marie de Medici of France and her husband. These pieces were to decorate the gallery of the newly-built Palais de Luxembourg. It was agreed that the project would be completed within two years, to coincide with the marriage of Marie's daughter, Henrietta Maria.#N#Rubens went on to complete just twenty-one of the paintings as his work was constantly being disrupted by arguments between Marie and her son who eventually banned his mother from France in 1631.#N#The cycle of paintings paying tribute to the life of Henry IV were never completed but some preliminary sketches survive.#N#This particular painting shows Marie's arrival at Marseilles on 3 November 1600 where she would marry the French King Henry IV.#N#However, the marriage was not a happy one as King Henry IV was something of a lothario who cheated on Marie as he had done in his previous marriage. This infuriated Marie so much so that she invited his ex-wife back into France.#N#During her time as Queen, until her son could rightfully take her place, Marie grew angry and frustrated and showed little interest in the political roles she had to fulfil. In 1612 she constructed and decorated the Palais de Luxembourg in her own honor.#N#Rubens' version :#N#The Landing of Marie de Medici at Marseilles is one of Rubens' most famous pieces from this cycle. He depicts the moment a young Marie walks upon the red carpeted gang plank onto French territory, her new home and soon-to-be new kingdom. King Henry IV could not attend as he had other duties to undertake.#N#Rubens brings together an array of ancient and mythical Roman figures in these works as symbols to characterize the scene and Marie herself. To the top is Fame, heralding his trumpet as the young, beautiful Queen enters Marseilles. On the awning of the boat is the Medici's Coat of Arms representing Marie's heritage.#N#In a rich velvet blue cloak, is France represented as soldier who bears the fleur-de-lys, the national symbol. He opens his arms to welcome Marie.#N#Below are the three famous Nereids of Nereus. The Neireds were the 50 daughters of Nereus, the sea god. They derived from Greek mythology and were considered friendly creatures that lived in the Mediterranean Sea on which Marie travelled to get to Marseilles. They would often help ships and sailors during perilous storms and could also prophesize events.#N#To the left stands Neptune with a long beard reaching his arm out and calming the waves to ensure Marie's safe arrival.#N#Lastly, to Neptune's left, is a naked and muscular Fortune who steered the vessel amidst its perilous journey. Between Neptune and Fortune, is one of Rubens' signature horses.
What did Rubens study?
Rubens spent a great deal of time studying classical, Greek and Latin texts and this had a huge influence on his career. He set himself apart from his peers with his depictions of human figures, extravagant color palette and well developed themes often based on Christian and classical traditions.
Who was Marie de Medici Rubens?
At the time he was asked to complete this cycle for Marie de Medici Rubens was perhaps the most renowned and skilled artist in North ern Europe and the monumental religious works he carried out for councils and churches were held in high regard.
Who composed the landing of Marie de Medici?
Peter Paul Rubens. Composition: The composition of The Landing of Marie de Medici at Marseilles takes on a slanted perspective like so many of Rubens' works. The drama of the scene creates a harmony as it flows into one big narrative.
Who was the artist who landed Marie de Médicis?
Peter Paul Rubens. The Landing of Marie de Médicis at Marseilles. Peter Paul Rubens. As one of Rubens's first great commissions, this series of works was rather difficult due to the fact that women at this time did not generally receive such tributes.
Where to see Rubens' art?
The Cathedral of Our Lady, probably one of the best locations to view Rubens’ religious art, is also home to three other works by the artist: The Raising of the Cross and The Resurrection of Christ, both triptychs, and the altarpiece The Assumption of the Virgin.
What was Rubens's hunting scene?
Other notable Rubens hunting scenes include The Wolf and Fox Hunt, housed at the Met Museum in New York City.
What was the name of the goddess that was judged by Rubens?
Another of Rubens’ mythological works, The Judgement of Paris, depicts the mythic Roman tale of the same name in which Paris was forced to judge the most beautiful of three goddesses — Venus, Minerva and Juno — in events that ignited the Trojan War. It is said that Rubens’ second wife, Hélène Fourment — 37 years his junior and the niece of his first wife, Isabella Brandt, who died four years before their marriage — was the buxom, beautiful model for the figure of Venus. A later version of The Judgement of Paris, painted towards the end of the 1630s, hangs in Madrid’s Museo del Prado.
Where is Marie de Medici's disembarkation?
One of 24 paintings that make up the so-called Marie de’ Medici Cycle — commissioned by the Italian-born French queen, widow of King Henry IV of France, to depict and celebrate seminal moments in her life — The Disembarkation at Marseilles depicts Marie departing her ship at the French port escorted by Poseidon, Triton and a trio of voluptuous nereids. Rumor has it that the commission, thanks to Marie’s stubborn character, was fraught with tension, and interestingly Belgian arts writer Roger Avermaete once suggested the inclusion of curvaceous mythical nereids may have been a knowing attempt to draw attention away from the queen — perhaps Rubens’ reaction to the difficult commission. Today, The Disembarkation at Marseilles hangs alongside the fellow 23 paintings in the cycle in the Louvre in Paris.
When was the Massacre of the Innocents painted?
The Massacre of the Innocents — which depicts the biblical tale of Roman soldiers executing male newborns in Bethlehem on the orders of King Herod — was painted in the early 17th century after Rubens returned from an eight-year sojourn in Italy spent observing the works of artists like Italian Baroque master Caravaggio.
Who was Rubens' second wife?
It is said that Rubens’ second wife, Hélène Fourment — 37 years his junior and the niece of his first wife, Isabella Brandt, who died four years before their marriage — was the buxom, beautiful model for the figure of Venus.
Who is the woman in the garden of love?
Painted shortly after Rubens marriage to his second wife Hélène Fourment, The Garden of Love is thought to be a celebration of their union — indeed, as with The Judgement of Paris, it is believed she was the inspiration behind the painting’s female subjects. The influence of The Garden of Love — today housed at the Museo del Prado in Madrid — has been noted by British art critic Waldemar Januszczak who sees its legacy in later works like Jean-Antoine Watteau’s fête galante paintings and the works of Watteau’s fellow Rococo artists François Boucher and Jean-Honoré Fragonard.
How many pieces did Rubens make?
Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by Michael Jaffé lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop. His commissioned works were mostly " history paintings ", which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes.
Who was Rubens the Artist?
In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England. Rubens was a prolific artist.
What did Rubens do?
Rubens designed tapestries and prints, as well as his own house. He also oversaw the ephemeral decorations of the royal entry into Antwerp by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand in 1635.
What was Rubens' style?
Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.
What were Rubens' influences?
During his career, Rubens traveled to Italy and Spain, and was influenced by the great works of Titian, Veronese, and Tintoretto, as well as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo.
What was Peter Paul Rubens' style?
Sir Peter Paul Rubens. ... A Flemish painter, Peter Paul Rubens’ Baroque style emphasized movement, sensuality and color. Although he was raised as a Catholic and painted Counter-Reformation pieces f or the church, he was born into a Protestant family. In 1568, his mother and father fled the Spanish Netherlands due to persecution of Protestants.
When did Rubens complete his education?
Rubens completed his education in 1598, at which time he entered the Guild of St. Luke as an independent master.
Who was Rubens the artist?
In addition to running a large workshop in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England. Rubens was a prolific artist.
Who appointed Rubens as court painter?
In September 1609 Rubens was appointed as court painter by Albert VII, Archduke of Austria, and Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain, sovereigns of the Low Countries . He received special permission to base his studio in Antwerp instead of at their court in Brussels, and to also work for other clients.
How did Rubens die?
Rubens died from heart failure as a result of his chronic gout on 30 May 1640. He was interred in the Saint James' Church in Antwerp. A burial chapel for the artist and his family was built in the church. Construction on the chapel started in 1642 and was completed in 1650 when Cornelis van Mildert (the son of Rubens' friend, the sculptor Johannes van Mildert) delivered the altarstone. The chapel is a marble altar portico with two columns framing the altarpiece of the Virgin and child with saints painted by Rubens himself. The painting expresses the basis tenets of the Counter Reformation through the figures of the Virgin and saints. In the upper niche of the retable is a marble statue depicting the Virgin as the Mater Dolorosa whose heart is pierced by a sword, which was likely sculpted by Lucas Faydherbe, a pupil of Rubens. The remains of Rubens' second wife Helena Fourment and two of her children (one of which fathered by Rubens) were later also laid to rest in the chapel. Over the coming centuries about 80 descendants from the Rubens family were interred in the chapel.
Where was Rubens born?
Rubens was born in Siegen to Jan Rubens and Maria Pypelincks. His father, a Calvinist, and mother fled Antwerp for Cologne in 1568, after increased religious turmoil and persecution of Protestants during the rule of the Habsburg Netherlands by the Duke of Alba. Rubens was baptised in Cologne at St Peter's Church .
What was the name of the book that Rubens wrote about the palaces in Genoa?
He wrote a book with illustrations of the palaces in Genoa, which was published in 1622 as Palazzi di Genova. The book was influential in spreading the Genoese palace style in Northern Europe. Rubens was an avid art collector and had one of the largest collections of art and books in Antwerp.
What was Rubens's purpose in 1618?
In 1618, Rubens embarked upon a printmaking enterprise by soliciting an unusual triple privilege (an early form of copyright) to protect his designs in France, the Southern Netherlands, and United Provinces.
What was Rubens' style?
Rubens was a painter producing altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.